# Shot-noise Limited Faraday Rotation Spectroscopy for Detection of Nitric Oxide Isotopes in Breath, Urine and Blood

## Author(s): Wang, Yin; Nikodem, Michal; Zhang, Eric; Cikach, Frank; Barnes, Jarrod; et al

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 Abstract: Measurement of NO and/or its metabolites in the various body compartments has transformed our understanding of biology. The inability of the current NO measurement methods to account for naturally occurring and experimental NO isotopes, however, has prevented the scientific community from fully understating NO metabolism in vivo. Here we present a mid-IR Faraday rotation spectrometer (FRS) for detection of NO isotopes. The instrument utilizes a novel dual modulation/demodulation (DM) FRS method which exhibits noise performance at only 2 times the fundamental quantum shot-noise level and provides the record sensitivity in its class. This is achieved with a system that is fully autonomous, robust, transportable, and does not require cryogenic cooling. The DM-FRS enables continuous monitoring of nitric oxide isotopes with the detection limits of 3.72 ppbv/Hz1/2 to 14NO and 0.53 ppbv/Hz1/2 to 15NO using only 45 cm active optical path. This DM-FRS measurement method can be used to improve the performance of conventional FRS sensors targeting other radical species. The feasibility of the instrument to perform measurements relevant to studies of NO metabolism in humans is demonstrated. Publication Date: Aug-2015 Electronic Publication Date: 13-Mar-2015 Citation: Wang, Yin, Nikodem, Michal, Zhang, Eric, Cikach, Frank, Barnes, Jarrod, Comhair, Suzy, Dweik, Raed A, Kao, Christina, Wysocki, Gerard. (2015). Shot-noise Limited Faraday Rotation Spectroscopy for Detection of Nitric Oxide Isotopes in Breath, Urine and Blood. Scientific Reports, 5 (1), 10.1038/srep09096 DOI: doi:10.1038/srep09096 EISSN: 2045-2322 Type of Material: Journal Article Journal/Proceeding Title: Scientific Reports Version: Final published version. This is an open access article.