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Understanding Reduced Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy in Low Socio-Economic Settings

Author(s): Lopman, Benjamin A.; Pitzer, Virginia E.; Sarkar, Rajiv; Gladstone, Beryl; Patel, Manish; et al

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dc.contributor.authorLopman, Benjamin A.-
dc.contributor.authorPitzer, Virginia E.-
dc.contributor.authorSarkar, Rajiv-
dc.contributor.authorGladstone, Beryl-
dc.contributor.authorPatel, Manish-
dc.contributor.authorGlasser, John-
dc.contributor.authorGambhir, Manoj-
dc.contributor.authorAtchison, Christina-
dc.contributor.authorGrenfell, Bryan T.-
dc.contributor.authorEdmunds, W. John-
dc.contributor.authorKang, Gagandeep-
dc.contributor.authorParashar, Umesh D.-
dc.date.accessioned2019-04-19T18:35:51Z-
dc.date.available2019-04-19T18:35:51Z-
dc.date.issued2012-08-06en_US
dc.identifier.citationLopman, Benjamin A., Pitzer, Virginia E., Sarkar, Rajiv, Gladstone, Beryl, Patel, Manish, Glasser, John, Gambhir, Manoj, Atchison, Christina, Grenfell, Bryan T., Edmunds, W. John, Kang, Gagandeep, Parashar, Umesh D. (2012). Understanding Reduced Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy in Low Socio-Economic Settings. PLoS ONE, 7 (8), e41720 - e41720. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041720en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/pr17t4w-
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Rotavirus vaccine efficacy ranges from .90% in high socio-economic settings (SES) to 50% in low SES. With the imminent introduction of rotavirus vaccine in low SES countries, understanding reasons for reduced efficacy in these settings could identify strategies to improve vaccine performance. Methods: We developed a mathematical model to predict rotavirus vaccine efficacy in high, middle and low SES based on data specific for each setting on incidence, protection conferred by natural infection and immune response to vaccination. We then examined factors affecting efficacy. Results: Vaccination was predicted to prevent 93%, 86% and 51% of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in high, middle and low SES, respectively. Also predicted was that vaccines are most effective against severe disease and efficacy declines with age in low but not high SES. Reduced immunogenicity of vaccination and reduced protection conferred by natural infection are the main factors that compromise efficacy in low SES. Discussion: The continued risk of severe disease in non-primary natural infections in low SES is a key factor underpinning reduced efficacy of rotavirus vaccines. Predicted efficacy was remarkably consistent with observed clinical trial results from different SES, validating the model. The phenomenon of reduced vaccine efficacy can be predicted by intrinsic immunological and epidemiological factors of low SES populations. Modifying aspects of the vaccine (e.g. improving immunogenicity in low SES) and vaccination program (e.g. additional doses) may bring improvements.en_US
dc.format.extente41720 - e41720en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.relation.ispartofPLoS ONEen_US
dc.rightsFinal published version. This is an open access article.en_US
dc.titleUnderstanding Reduced Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy in Low Socio-Economic Settingsen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
dc.identifier.doidoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041720-
dc.date.eissued2012-08-06en_US
dc.identifier.eissn1932-6203-
pu.type.symplectichttp://www.symplectic.co.uk/publications/atom-terms/1.0/journal-articleen_US

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