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Femtotesla Nearly-Quantum-Noise-Limited Pulsed Gradiometer at Earth-Scale Fields

Author(s): Lucivero, VG; Lee, William W.; Limes, ME; Foley, EL; Kornack, TW; et al

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dc.contributor.authorLucivero, VG-
dc.contributor.authorLee, William W.-
dc.contributor.authorLimes, ME-
dc.contributor.authorFoley, EL-
dc.contributor.authorKornack, TW-
dc.contributor.authorRomalis, MV-
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-12T00:54:33Z-
dc.date.available2024-03-12T00:54:33Z-
dc.date.issued2022-08-12en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/pr1mc8rg64-
dc.description.abstractWe describe a magnetic gradiometer that operates at finite fields and uses an intense pulsed laser to polarize a 87Rb atomic ensemble and a compact vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser probe laser to detect paramagnetic Faraday rotation in a single multipass cell. We report differential magnetic sensitivity of 14 fT/Hz1/2, corresponding to gradiometer sensitivity of 70 fT/cm/√Hz with a 0.2 cm baseline, over a broad dynamic range, including Earth’s field magnitude and a common-mode rejection ratio higher than 104. We also observe a nearly quantum-noise-limited behavior of the gradiometer by comparing the experimental standard deviation of the estimated frequency difference against the Cramér-Rao lower bound in the presence of white photon shot-noise, atomic spin noise, and diffusion.en_US
dc.languageenen_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.relation.ispartofPhysical Review Applieden_US
dc.rightsAuthor's manuscripten_US
dc.titleFemtotesla Nearly-Quantum-Noise-Limited Pulsed Gradiometer at Earth-Scale Fieldsen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
dc.identifier.doidoi:10.1103/physrevapplied.18.l021001-
dc.identifier.eissn2331-7019-
pu.type.symplectichttp://www.symplectic.co.uk/publications/atom-terms/1.0/journal-articleen_US

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