Skip to main content

Nitrogen–climate interactions in US agriculture

Author(s): Robertson, G. Philip; Bruulsema, Tom W.; Gehl, Ron J.; Kanter, David; Mauzerall, Denise L.; et al

Download
To refer to this page use: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/pr12t97
Abstract: Agriculture in the United States (US) cycles large quantities of nitrogen (N) to produce food, fuel, and fiber and is a major source of excess reactive nitrogen (Nr) in the environment. Nitrogen lost from cropping systems and animal operations moves to waterways, groundwater, and the atmosphere. Changes in climate and climate variability may further affect the ability of agricultural systems to conserve N. The N that escapes affects climate directly through the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), and indirectly through the loss of nitrate (NO3 (-)), nitrogen oxides (NO (x) ) and ammonia to downstream and downwind ecosystems that then emit some of the N received as N2O and NO (x) . Emissions of NO (x) lead to the formation of tropospheric ozone, a greenhouse gas that can also harm crops directly. There are many opportunities to mitigate the impact of agricultural N on climate and the impact of climate on agricultural N. Some are available today; many need further research; and all await effective incentives to become adopted. Research needs can be grouped into four major categories: (1) an improved understanding of agricultural N cycle responses to changing climate; (2) a systems-level understanding of important crop and animal systems sufficient to identify key interactions and feedbacks; (3) the further development and testing of quantitative models capable of predicting N-climate interactions with confidence across a wide variety of crop-soil-climate combinations; and (4) socioecological research to better understand the incentives necessary to achieve meaningful deployment of realistic solutions.
Publication Date: Jul-2013
Electronic Publication Date: 23-Oct-2012
Citation: Robertson, G. Philip, Bruulsema, Tom W., Gehl, Ron J., Kanter, David, Mauzerall, Denise L., Rotz, C. Alan, Williams, Candiss O.. (2013). Nitrogen–climate interactions in US agriculture. Biogeochemistry, 114 (1-3), 41 - 70. doi:10.1007/s10533-012-9802-4
DOI: 10.1007/s10533-012-9802-4
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
Pages: 41 - 70
Type of Material: Journal Article
Journal/Proceeding Title: Biogeochemistry
Version: Final published version. This is an open access article.



Items in OAR@Princeton are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.