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# Vocal development in a Waddington landscape

## Author(s): Teramoto, Yayoi; Takahashi, Daniel Y.; Holmes, Philip J.; Ghazanfar, Asif A.

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 Abstract: Vocal development is the adaptive coordination of the vocal apparatus, muscles, the nervous system, and social interaction. Here, we use a quantitative framework based on optimal control theory and Waddington’s landscape metaphor to provide an integrated view of this process. With a biomechanical model of the marmoset monkey vocal apparatus and behavioral developmental data, we show that only the combination of the developing vocal tract, vocal apparatus muscles and nervous system can fully account for the patterns of vocal development. Together, these elements influence the shape of the monkeys’ vocal developmental landscape, tilting, rotating or shifting it in different ways. We can thus use this framework to make quantitative predictions regarding how interfering factors or experimental perturbations can change the landscape within a species, or to explain comparative differences in vocal development across species. Publication Date: 16-Jan-2017 Electronic Publication Date: 16-Jan-2017 Citation: Teramoto, Yayoi, Takahashi, Daniel Y, Holmes, Philip J, Ghazanfar, Asif A. (2017). Vocal development in a Waddington landscape. eLife 2017;6e20782. doi:10.7554/eLife.20782 DOI: doi:10.7554/eLife.20782 EISSN: 2050-084X Type of Material: Journal Article Journal/Proceeding Title: eLife Version: Final published version. This is an open access article.

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