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Perceptual estimation obeys Occam's razor

Author(s): Gershman, Samuel J.; Niv, Yael

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Abstract: Theoretical models of unsupervised category learning postulate that humans “invent” categories to accommodate new patterns, but tend to group stimuli into a small number of categories. This “Occam’s razor” principle is motivated by normative rules of statistical inference. If categories influence perception, then one should find effects of category invention on simple perceptual estimation. In a series of experiments, we tested this prediction by asking participants to estimate the number of colored circles on a computer screen, with the number of circles drawn from a color-specific distribution. When the distributions associated with each color overlapped substantially, participants’ estimates were biased toward values intermediate between the two means, indicating that subjects ignored the color of the circles and grouped different-colored stimuli into one perceptual category. These data suggest that humans favor simpler explanations of sensory inputs. In contrast, when the distributions associated with each color overlapped minimally, the bias was reduced (i.e., the estimates for each color were closer to the true means), indicating that sensory evidence for more complex explanations can override the simplicity bias. We present a rational analysis of our task, showing how these qualitative patterns can arise from Bayesian computations.
Publication Date: 2013
Electronic Publication Date: 2013
Citation: Gershman, Samuel J, Niv, Yael. (2013). Perceptual estimation obeys Occam's razor. Frontiers in Psychology, 4 (10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00623
DOI: doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00623
EISSN: 1664-1078
Type of Material: Journal Article
Journal/Proceeding Title: Frontiers in Psychology
Version: Final published version. This is an open access article.



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