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Spatial ecology of territorial populations

Author(s): Weiner, Benjamin; Posfai, Anna; Wingreen, Ned

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Abstract: Many ecosystems, from vegetation to biofilms, are composed of territorial populations that compete for both nutrients and physical space. What are the implications of such spatial organization for biodiversity? To address this question, we developed and analyzed a model of territorial resource competition. In the model, all species obey trade-offs inspired by biophysical constraints on metabolism; the species occupy nonoverlapping territories, while nutrients diffuse in space. We find that the nutrient diffusion time is an important control parameter for both biodiversity and the timescale of population dynamics. Interestingly, fast nutrient diffusion allows the populations of some species to fluctuate to zero, leading to extinctions. Moreover, territorial competition spontaneously gives rise to both multistability and the Allee effect (in which a minimum population is required for survival), so that small perturbations can have major ecological effects. While the assumption of trade-offs allows for the coexistence of more species than the number of nutrients-thus violating the principle of competitive exclusion-overall biodiversity is curbed by the domination of "oligotroph" species. Importantly, in contrast to well-mixed models, spatial structure renders diversity robust to inequalities in metabolic trade-offs. Our results suggest that territorial ecosystems can display high biodiversity and rich dynamics simply due to competition for resources in a spatial community.
Publication Date: 3-Sep-2019
Electronic Publication Date: 21-Aug-2019
Citation: Weiner, Benjamin G, Posfai, Anna, Wingreen, Ned S. (2019). Spatial ecology of territorial populations.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116 (36), 17874 - 17879. doi:10.1073/pnas.1911570116
DOI: doi:10.1073/pnas.1911570116
ISSN: 0027-8424
EISSN: 1091-6490
Pages: 17874 - 17879
Language: eng
Type of Material: Journal Article
Journal/Proceeding Title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Version: Final published version. This is an open access article.



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